- 追加された行はこの色です。
- 削除された行はこの色です。
#norelated
* 惑星セミナー2020 [#zbb5ecca]
惑星セミナーは原則として毎週木曜日の14:00から開催しています。（連絡係：星野 遥, 荒川 創太, 古家 健次, 荻原 正博）~
astro-phセミナーは毎週金曜日の12:00から開催しています。（連絡係：Carol Kwok）
// セミナー発表順番
//
** Schedule & History [#vfafd1d8]
[[2019年度>Planet2019]]
[[2018年度>Planet2018]]
[[2017年度>Planet2017]]
[[2016年度>Planet2016]]
[[2015年度>Planet2015]]
[[2014年度>Planet2014]]
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|日程|発表|タイトル|Remarks|担当|h
|BGCOLOR(#ccf):|BGCOLOR(#ffc):|BGCOLOR(#ffc):|BGCOLOR(#fcf):|BGCOLOR(#cff):|c
//|BGCOLOR(#ddf):|BGCOLOR(#ffd):|BGCOLOR(#ffd):|BGCOLOR(#cff):|c
|[[前期 第1回 4/9 15:00->#planet0409]]|All members| Self-introduction |15:00|荻原|
|[[前期 第2回 4/16 14:00->#planet0409]]|Haruka Hoshino, Hirotaka Hohokabe| Small ASJ meeting ||荒川|
|[[前期 第3回 4/23 14:00->#planet0409]]|Yuki Yoshida, Eiichiro Kokubo| Small ASJ meeting ||星野|
|[[前期 第4回 5/14 14:00->#planet0409]]|Sota Arakawa| Thermal history and tidal evolution of trans-Neptunian satellite systems ||古家|
|[[前期 第5回 5/28 14:00->#planet0528]]|Takuya Takarada (ABC)| Radial-velocity search and statistical studies for short-period planets in the Pleiades open cluster ||荒川|
|[[前期 第6回 6/4 16:00->#planet0606]]|Beibei Liu (Lund Univ)| Pebble-driven planet formation around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs |16:00|荻原|
|[[前期 第7回 7/9 14:00->#planet0606]]|Yuka Fujii|Detecting molecular lines of warm/temperate exoplanets with mid-infrared high-resolution spectroscopy||星野|
|[[前期 第8回 7/21 14:00->#planet0606]]|Masato Ishizuka (U. Tokyo)|Studies of exoplanets with high resolution spectroscopy||古家|
|[[後期 第1回 10/16 14:00->#planet1016]]|Makiko Ban|Free-floating planet research and perspective||荻原|
|[[後期 第2回 10/30 14:30->#planet1030]]|Yuki Tanaka (Tohoku Univ.)|Gap formation by a super-Jupiter-mass planet and its effects on the planetary mass accretion rate|14:30|荻原|
|[[後期 第3回 11/20 14:00->#planet1031]]|Shota Notsu (RIKEN)| The composition of hot Jupiter atmospheres assembled within chemically evolved protoplanetary discs||古家|
|[[後期 第4回 11/27 14:00->#planet1127]]|Kazuaki A. Homma (Tokyo Tech)| Vertical growth of dust particles with UV-irradiation and organic-synthesis in protoplanetary disks||荒川|
|[[後期 第5回 12/17 15:00->#planet1127]]|Naho Fujita (Kyoto Univ.)| 短周期super-Earthの大気散逸に伴う軌道進化|Thu. 15:00|星野|
|[[後期 第6回 1/12 14:00->#planet0112]]| Jerome de Leon (Univ. Tokyo)| Discovery and validation of transiting exoplanets with diverse radii and ages|Tuesday|荻原|
|[[後期 第7回 1/22 14:00->#planet0122]]|Yuki Yoshida |（修論発表練習）|金曜日 14:00|荒川|
|[[後期 第7回 1/22 14:00->#planet0122]]|Yuki Yoshida |銀河渦状腕形成の素過程 ー重力散乱による軌道位相同期ー|金曜日 14:00|荒川|
|[[後期 第8回 2/26 14:00->#planet0226]]|Haruka Sakuraba (Tokyo Tech)| TBA||荻原|
//今後の候補
//小久保さん：Ishigakiさん(ISAS)
//荻原：駒木さん(東大), Sakurabaさん(東工大), Liu(Lund)
//荒川：本間和明さん (D1), 長谷川幸彦さん (東大駒場)
//古家：Gianni Cataldi(東大天文)，野津翔太さん(理研)
//石澤さん(京大)
//森島さん
//:&aname(planet1107){5/21}; 名前 タイトル|
//アブスト
//:&aname(planet0418){4/18}; Carina Heinreichsberger, Terrestrial or Gaseous? A classification of exoplanets according to density, mass and radius|
//When looking at Exoplanet Archives the class of a planet is not given. Therefore I tried to find an easy and fast way to classify exoplanets using only density, mass and radius. In this talk I will discuss the formation theory of Planets to explain the boundaries between the different classes (gas, terrestrial) and show the results of my empirical study.
:&aname(planet0604){6/4}; Beibei Liu, Pebble-driven planet formation around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs|
We conduct a pebble-driven planet population synthesis study to investigate the formation of planets around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, in the (sub)stellar mass range between 0.01 M⊙ and 0.1 M⊙. Based on the extrapolation of numerical simulations of planetesimal formation by the streaming instability, we obtain the characteristic mass of the planetesimals and the initial masses of the protoplanets (largest bodies from the planetesimal size distributions), in either the early self-gravitating phase or the later non-self-gravitating phase of the protoplanetary disk evolution. We find that the initial protoplanets form with masses that increase with host mass, orbital distance and decrease with disk age. Around late M-dwarfs of 0.1 M⊙, these protoplanets can grow up to Earth-mass planets by pebble accretion. However, around brown dwarfs of 0.01 M⊙, planets do not grow larger than Mars mass when the initial protoplanets are born early in self-gravitating disks, and their growth stalls at around 0.01 Earth-mass when they are born late in non-self-gravitating disks. Around these low mass stars and brown dwarfs, we find no channel for gas giant planet formation because the solid cores remain too small. When the initial protoplanets form only at the water-ice line, the final planets typically have ≳15% water mass fraction. Alternatively, when the initial protoplanets form log-uniformly distributed over the entire protoplanetary disk, the final planets are either very water-rich (water mass fraction ≳15%) or entirely rocky (water mass fraction ≲5%).
:&aname(planet1016){10/16}; Makiko Ban, Free-floating planet research and perspective|
The free-floating planet (FFP) is a unique type of exoplanet. There have been very scarce discoveries about it because of the difficulty of observation. The up-comming space-based telescope missions (Euclid and Roman) are expected to boost the FFP research. Here, I'd like to introduce FFPs, the challenges about the research we are facing, and future perspectives that will be offered by those up-comming missions through my latest paper.
:&aname(planet1030){10/30}; Yuki Tanaka, Gap formation by a super-Jupiter-mass planet and its effects on the planetary mass accretion rate|
A giant planet embedded in a protoplanetary disk creates a gap structure along with its orbit by disk-planet interaction. Physical properties of the gap depend on several conditions such as mass of the planet and disk structures, and they affect both mass accretion rate onto the planet via the gap and migration rate of the planet. Therefore, the properties of the gap are important to investigate formation and evolution of planetary systems.
Recently, numerical simulations of the disk-planet interaction have been done intensively, and the disk properties such as width and depth of the gap, and mass accretion rate have been studied. However, previous studies mainly focused on planets less massive than Jupiter. In addition, there are a discrepancy between several previous works on the mass accretion rate onto the planet heavier than Jupiter. Since a lot of super-Jupiter-mass planets have been found, formation and evolution of them in the protoplanetary disk should be investigated in more detail.
We performed a set of hydrodynamic simulation of disk-planet interaction and investigated the properties of the gap and their parameter dependence. We varied the planetary mass from 1 to 10 Jupiter masses. We found that the gap becomes deeper as planet's mass increases up to around 3 Jupiter masses, but in more massive cases the outer edge of the gap shows significant eccentricity, which is consistent with several previous works. In this eccentric regime, the gap depth becomes shallower than an empirical relation between the depth and the planetary mass due to non-steady behavior of the gap outer edge. We also estimated the mass accretion rate onto the planet by using our result and found that the accretion rate can increase when the planet's mass is heavier because of the eccentricity of the gap.
:&aname(planet1031){11/20}; Shota Notsu, The composition of hot Jupiter atmospheres assembled within chemically evolved protoplanetary discs|
The radial-dependent positions of snowlines of abundant oxygen- and
carbon-bearing molecules in protoplanetary discs will result in systematic
radial variations in the C/O ratios in the gas and ice.
This variation is proposed as a tracer of the formation location of gas-giant planets.
However, disc chemistry can affect the C/O ratios in the gas and ice, thus potentially
erasing the chemical fingerprint of snowlines in gas-giant atmospheres.
We calculate the molecular composition of hot Jupiter atmospheres using elemental
abundances extracted from a chemical kinetics model of a disc midplane where we
have varied the initial abundances and ionization rates. The models predict a
wider diversity of possible atmospheres than those predicted using elemental
ratios from snowlines only. As found in previous work, as the C/O ratio exceeds
the solar value, the mixing ratio of CH4 increases in the lower
atmosphere, and those of C2H2 and HCN increase mainly in the upper
atmosphere. The mixing ratio of H2O correspondingly decreases. We find
that hot Jupiters with C/O>1 can only form between the CO2 and CH4
snowlines. Moreover, they can only form in a disc which has fully inherited
interstellar abundances, and where negligible chemistry has occurred. Hence,
carbon-rich planets are likely rare, unless efficient transport of
hydrocarbon-rich ices via pebble drift to within the CH4 snowline is a
common phenomenon. We predict combinations of C/O ratios and elemental
abundances that can constrain gas-giant planet formation locations relative to
snowline positions, and that can provide insight into the disc chemical
history.
This seminar talk is mainly based on our paper which was recently published, Notsu et al. (2020, MNRAS, 499, 2229).
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2944
:&aname(planet1127){11/27}; Kazuaki A. Homma, Vertical growth of dust particles with UV-irradiation and organic-synthesis in protoplanetary disks|
Refractory organic matter found in the solar-system would play important roles in life and planet formation. It is important to reveal how the organic-matter was formed. One possible scenario is that they form by UV irradiation and subsequent heating of volatile ices on the dust particles in protoplanetary disks (Ciesla & Sandford (2012)). Ciesla & Sandford (2012) simulated the motion of dust particles in the protoplanetary disk and calculated the total UV-photon dosage on dust particles. They also estimated how much amount of the organic-matter would be formed from the total UV-photon dosage. They found that µm-sized dust particles can absorb UV-irradiation efficiently and would contain 10 wt% of the organic matter. However, their model assumes the UV-irradiation strength without calculating the dust distribution. It is unclear whether large dust aggregates can absorb UV-radiation or not.
We study how much organic-matter can be formed on dust particles in protoplanetary disks via UV-irradiation on dust aggregates if we consider the dust size distribution. We construct a model to simulate growth, vertical transport, and UV absorption of icy aggregates in a protoplanetary disk. We find that the large dust aggregates can contain the irradiated-dust particles, due to the fragmentation of dust aggregates and the turbulent transportation of dust particles. We also estimate the amount of organic-matter formed on the dust particles by the UV-irradiation dosage. Our results suggest that the non-sticky dust particle in strong turbulent disks can contain the same amount of organic-matter as interplanetary dust particles.
:&aname(planet1107){12/17}; 藤田菜穂 短周期super-Earthの大気散逸に伴う軌道進化|
近年Kepler宇宙望遠鏡などの活躍によって系外惑星探査が大きく進展し、特にsuper-Earthの発見数は飛躍的に増加している。発見されたsuper-Earthはその大気量や軌道分布において多様性に富んでいるが、この多様性の起源は明らかになっていない。ただし、特に中心星近傍を回る短周期super-Earthでは、形成直後の大気状態や軌道を現在も維持しているとは考えにくい。短周期super-Earthは、中心星からの強力なX線、EUV照射による大気の流体力学的散逸を経験して現在の大気量になっているはずである。このような惑星の大気散逸についてはこれまで多くの研究がなされているが、その際、大気散逸を経験する惑星の軌道は変化しないと仮定されてきた。しかし、中心星-惑星系全体の軌道角運動量保存を考慮すると、実際には大気散逸のみではなく、大気散逸による質量損失に伴って惑星が外側に移動するという軌道進化も起きると考えられる。本研究ではsuper-Earth系の多様性の起源を探ることを目的とし、惑星の大気散逸に伴う軌道進化が最終的な惑星系の構造に与える影響を調べた。計算の結果、惑星は大気散逸に伴って外側に移動することが分かり、この移動は軌道間隔の狭いコンパクトなsuper-Earth系では特に重要になってくるであろうという示唆が得られた。また今後は観測によってM型星周りのsuper-Earthが多数発見されることが期待されるため、本研究はそのような観測に先駆けた理論的な予測となる。さらに、将来的には観測データと計算結果を比較することで、この理論モデルを再検証することが可能になる。本講演ではこのような今後の系外惑星探査との関連についても議論したい。
:&aname(planet0112){1/12}; Jerome de Leon, Discovery and validation of transiting exoplanets with diverse radii and ages|
The Kepler, K2, and TESS missions have brought many exciting exoplanet discoveries that yield new insights into the occurrence rate, formation and evolution of exoplanets. This success was driven primarily by the sustained efforts to homogeneously analyse ensembles of light curves to detect new candidate systems and consequently statistically validate or confirm their planetary nature aided by follow-up data. Here, "validation" is different from "confirmation," wherein the former means that there is overwhelming evidence that the transits must be explained by a planet, through elimination of all false positive scenarios, whereas the latter involves determination that the planet's mass is in the substellar regime (Mp<13Mjup). Confirmation via radial velocity (RV) mass measurements have been conducted for planets around bright stars but is impractical for faint or magnetically active stars, and is observationally expensive for the large numbers of planet candidates detected by Kepler and K2. In this talk, I will present the discovery and validation of 37 new transiting planets with various radii and ages using various statistical techniques. Then I will present some insights on the emerging trends observed from young transiting planet population and their implications on the planets’ evolution during their first hundred million years.
